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Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi
Early View
Histopathological Evaluation and Computer-Aided Mechanistic Prediction of Murraya koenigii Extract on Excisional Wound Healing in Rats
1Master’s Program in Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA2Master’s Program in Vaccinology and Immunotherapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
3Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
4Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
5Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, INDONESIA
6Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
7General Hospital Wahidin Sudiro Husodo, Mojokerto, INDONESIA
8Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, INDONESIA
9Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, The Islamia University Bahawalpur, PAKISTAN DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2026.36545 Wound healing involves coordinated epithelial regeneration, extracellular matrix remodeling, and inflammatory regulation. This study evaluated the histopathological effects of topical Murraya koenigii leaf extract on excisional wound healing in rats and explored potential molecular mechanisms in silico. Fifty male Rattus norvegicus were divided into five groups (n=10 per group): unwounded control (CN), positive control (Bioplacenton®), and treatment groups 10%, 20%, and 40% Murraya koenigii ointment respectively. A standardized 1-cm full-thickness dorsal excisional wound was created, treatments were applied twice daily for 14 days, and tissues were collected on day 15. Sections were assessed using the SPOT scoring system (re-epithelialization, epithelial thickness index, keratinization, granulation thickness, remodeling, and scar elevation index). Kruskal-Wallis exhibited a significant difference in the composite SPOT score among groups (H=40.838, P<0.001) with a large effect (ε²=0.819). Histopathologically, the 40% group showed the most promising repair, with more complete epithelial coverage, improved epidermal maturation, denser granulation tissue, and early dermal remodeling compared with lower concentrations. Molecular docking indicated favorable binding of major carbazole alkaloids (mahanine, mahanimbine, mahanimbicine) to FAAH and GSK3β, targets implicated in inflammation and regenerative signaling. These findings indicate that topical Murraya koenigii extract enhances structural wound repair and highlights its potential as a plant-based therapeutic candidate for wound management. Keywords : Carbazole alkaloids, Endocannabinoid system, Wound repair, β-catenin signaling, Health, Phytotherapy