¹College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 210023 Nanjing, CHINA DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2025.34593 Buyang Huanwu Dcoction (BYHWD) is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been widely used for the clinical treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy which is a common complication after motor neuron injury and seriously affects the recovery of skeletal muscle function. This study aimed to explore the main components of Buyang Huanwu decoction and its possible mechanism for treating skeletal muscle and nerve atrophy in mice. Total fibular nerve injury model was established by using total fibular nerve clamp surgery. Main component of decoction was detected by HPLC and LC-MS, the morphology of skeletal muscle samples was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) and laser lens, and the expressions of muscular atrophy related proteins were detected by Western blot. Astragaloside is the main components of BYHWD, it promotes the recovery of injured neuroskeletal muscle and significantly inhibits the atrophy of related muscle tissue (P<0.05). Denervation of skeletal muscle is closely related to autophagy, and Astragaloside can effectively inhibit autophagy after skeletal muscle injury. Astragaloside, the main component of BYHWD, promotes the recovery of skeletal muscle denervation by inhibiting autophagy. Keywords : Astragaloside, Autophagy, Buyang Huanwu Decoction, Motor neuron injury, Neurogenic atrophy