¹Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary-Medicine, University of Uludag, TR-16059 Bursa - TURKEY
²Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kırşehir Ahi Evran, TR-40200 Kırşehir - TURKEY
³Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ondokuz Mayis, TR-55139 Samsun - TURKEY
⁴Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Namik Kemal, TR-59030 Tekirdağ - TURKEY
⁵Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Yaşar Doğu Sport Sciences, University of Ondokuz Mayis, TR-55139 DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2019.22908 This study aimed to determine genetic polymorphism in STAT1 and STAT5A genes for dairy cattle and some native cattle breeds in Turkey. 283 Jersey and a total of 472 Holstein cows from two different herds and 93 Grey Steppe, 85 Anatolian Black Cattle, and 66 East Anatolian Red cattle were used in this research. Generally, C allele gene frequency was higher than T allele for STAT1 in all breeds whereas C allele gene frequency was detected higher than G allele for STAT5A in Jersey and East Anatolian Red. On the other hand, G allele gene frequency was higher than C allele in Holstein, Grey Steppe, and Anatolian Black Cattle breeds. The expected deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium were significant only for Jersey breeds for STAT1 gene. Meanwhile, the expected deviation from equilibrium was also significantly different for Holstein in Black Sea Region (BSR), Anatolian Black Cattle and Grey Steppe for the STAT5A gene. FIS values were determined to STAT1 gene as negative for all breeds except for Holstein in Marmara Region (MR). Similarly, this value was determined to STAT5A gene as positive for all breeds except for Holstein in BSR. The genetic distances for two loci were calculated between 0.0029 and 0.1599 among all populations. Depending on the cluster analysis, Holstein in BSR and MR, Anatolian Black Cattle, East Anatolian Red were closely clustered to each other, while Grey Steppe and Jersey were located in completely different clusters. As a conclusion, based on the detected genetic diversity in STAT1 and STAT5A genes, it is possible to make a genetic improvement among bovine breeds raised in Turkey. Keywords : Cattle, Genetic polymorphism, Genetic relationships, STAT1, STAT5A