¹Department of Pharmacology of ManisaCelal Bayar University School of Medicine, TR-45030 Manisa - TURKEY DOI : 10.9775/kvfd.2018.19940 Pioglitazone (PGT) is a PPAR-γ activator that has neuroprotective properties via different mechanisms. It is thought to be neuroprotective in both acute and chronic use. Chlorpyrifos (CPS) is an Organophosphate insecticide that leads to attention deficit and cognitive problems in children and its neurotoxic effects are well known. This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effects of PGT on CPS neurotoxicity in NB2a cell in the culture medium. We investigated the cell viability and proliferation using MTT assay and the percentage of neurite inhibition was analysed by measuring neurite outgrowth. Apoptosis was evaluated using the apoptotic index in TUNEL staining. Cell proliferation was found to be significantly reduced by CPS (25 μM), and this concentration-based reduction was prevented by PGT. Neurite outgrowth was inhibited by CPS (25 μM), whereas PGT significantly reversed neurite inhibition at and above 10 μM concentrations. The apoptotic index, which was increased using CPS (25 μM), was observed to reduce using PGT, depending on the concentration. Organophosphate is harmful to human health, and to our knowledge, there is no treatment. In individuals exposed to chlorpyrifos toxicity, acute toxic effects on neurons may be prevented or treated by PGT. Keywords : NB2a, Neurotoxicity, Pioglitazone, Neuroprotective, Neurite outgrowth, Apoptosis, Chlorpyrifos